The 28th of September, 1954, marked a critical moment in Indian aviation history. A dramatic rescue unfolded on the banks of the Yamuna River in Delhi, etching the day into the nation’s memory. This event saved lives and heralded a new era for the Indian Air Force– the era of the helicopter as a vital lifesaving tool.

The drama unfolded with a desperate call for help. Fifteen villagers found themselves stranded on a precarious sandbar, rapidly shrinking due to the relentless erosion by the powerful Yamuna currents in the middle of the fast-flowing river near Wazirabad. Their boat, tragically rendered useless, left them with no conventional escape route. Recognising the situation’s urgency, the Chief Commissioner of Delhi wasted no time contacting the Ministry of Defence at precisely 10:00 AM.

The Chief Commissioner likely remembered Delhi’s recent standstill caused by the Fire Power Demonstration in April. That event, etched in everyone’s memory by the sight of the Prime Minister landing on the scene in a helicopter, likely influenced his decision to seek an immediate air rescue for the stranded villagers.

The Ministry swung into action, immediately relaying the distress call to the IAF authorities. Within minutes, by around 10:15 AM, the call reached Air Commodore D.A.R. Nanda, the Air Officer Commanding of the Operational Command. This was a momentous occasion, as the IAF had acquired its first helicopter just a few months prior – the Sikorsky S-55. While the pioneering pilots started to practice casualty evacuation, they had not yet practised disaster relief or mercy missions they were being asked to take up.

IAF Aapatsu Mitram origin
Logbook of SK Majumdar from June 1954 reflecting practice Casualty Evacuation drill

Air Commodore Nanda, understanding the gravity of the situation, briefed Flight Lieutenant A.N. Todd, the commanding officer of the recently formed 104 Helicopter Flight based at Palam. The mission was clear: reach the stranded villagers urgently and attempt a daring rescue operation.

IAF Aapatsu Mitram origin
Flight Lieutenant (later Squadron Leader) Alison Neal Todd

Taking off just before 11:00 AM, Flight Lieutenant Todd wasted no time reaching the scene. Within ten minutes, he was hovering over the Yamuna, the sight below confirming the desperate situation. Fifteen men clung precariously to the rapidly shrinking land, barely 50 by 100 feet, battling the relentless current. Time was of the essence.

With nerves of steel and a clear understanding of the urgency, Todd made a bold decision that would define the outcome of the rescue. He would attempt a landing right on the eroding sandbar itself. This was a risky manoeuvre, as the unstable surface and strong winds significantly challenged the pilot’s skill.

The sight of the helicopter must have brought immense relief to the stranded villagers, who rushed towards it. A.C. Ferreira, an IAF airman accompanying Todd, played a vital role in this crucial moment. He assisted the first five men in getting safely strapped into their seats on the helicopter.

With the first group secured, Todd took off, transporting them to safety. They were met by the waiting Delhi Police and Fire Brigade officials at the Wazirabad pumping station, who would ensure their well-being.

The mission wasn’t over. Determined to save all lives, Todd displayed remarkable courage and skill. He returned to the sandbar and made two more swift trips, successfully evacuating the remaining ten villagers. By 11:30 AM, all fifteen individuals were safe on solid ground. Todd then skillfully landed back at the Palam Air Force Station, marking a successful and historic mission for the IAF.

While pictures capturing this rescue mission are unavailable, photographs of the S-55 helicopters deployed in later flood relief efforts allow us to visualise the scenes. The helicopter involved in this operation is believed to have a tail number of IZ-648. This is because the next helicopter in the sequence, IZ-649, had just arrived in India a few days before the rescue.

IAF Aapatsu Mitram origin
IZ-650 on a similar rescue mission not long after

The significance of this event goes far beyond the lives saved that day. It marked a turning point for the IAF, showcasing the immense potential of helicopters in search and rescue operations. The next day, a local newspaper, Dainik Jagran (Delhi & Lucknow editions), captured the essence of the event in a now-iconic headline – “Aapatsu Mitram” (Friend in Distress). This headline would become synonymous with the IAF’s helicopter fleet.

IAF Aapatsu Mitram origin
104 Helicopter Flight was raised on 10 March 1954 at Palam

The legacy of “Aapatsu Mitram” extends far beyond a single headline. Since 1954, the IAF has raised 39 helicopter units, each fulfilling a broader range of military roles. However, a vital secondary role has become ingrained in their identity – conducting mercy missions and acts of bravery during disasters. Unsurprisingly, most of these units continue to proudly carry the motto “Aapatsu Mitram” as a badge of honour.

28 September deserves to be celebrated as the HADR Day. (Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief – the modern-day term for such rescues)

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15 responses to “A Daring Rescue: Birth of the IAF’s “Aapatsu Mitram””

  1. Very inspiring and well written.

  2. GP CAPT RAJEEV JOSHI Avatar
    GP CAPT RAJEEV JOSHI

    Dear Anchit
    It is indeed a joy to read your posts. I keenly look forward to your mails!!!
    Proud to have donned the blues, and more so on reading all your posts…..
    Blue skies and happy landings always!

  3. Wg Cdr AK Gupta Avatar
    Wg Cdr AK Gupta

    Anchit, once again you have brought out vital information of our glorius Air Force History. Kudos to our helicopter units for being actively involved in providing the much needed help during disadter relief missions.

  4. Major PT Choudary Avatar
    Major PT Choudary

    A fantastic effort, the story was almost lost to time. Congratulations for bringing it up.
    May I also request to bring to this generation, the story of OP- Madhuri, the Saving of the Bhakra Dam – the untold story, in Sept 1959 to Jan 1960. The operation was headed by Lt. Col. PLN Choudary and the Army Engineers, for which he was awarded India’s first Service medal, later changed to an AVSM. Thanks.. Major PT Choudary- tuhinchoudary@gmail.com
    Mobile.. 09848047477

  5. Am amazed at short time taken for response….assistance requested at AHQ at 1000h & help was there before 1100h. 🫡

  6. The daring incident which became cornerstone of the IAF rescue mission. Hats off.

  7. Group captain R K Avatar
    Group captain R K

    Inspirational story taken out of Good old days

  8. Wg. Cdr. B. S. Singh Deeo (Retd.) Avatar
    Wg. Cdr. B. S. Singh Deeo (Retd.)

    Thanks for bringing out a story that was not known to many of us.

  9. Thank you.I was unaware of this glorious feat.God bless the IAF.
    I can only quote- Wordsworth
    “And the my heart with pleasure fills,
    And dances with the daffodils.”

    1. Exceptional story. Never knew this . Keep up the good work with such unknown stories about the IAF.

  10. A remarkable tale of courage and daring. Thank you for this story.

  11. Dear Anchit,
    Frankly I did not know the story nor the origin of “Apastu Mitram”.
    As usual you have doug out a dimond from the mine of history.
    Thank you.
    Velu

  12. A Gripping and Fascinating account of the rescue. Many thanks.

  13. Air Cmde Sandeep Chowdhary Avatar
    Air Cmde Sandeep Chowdhary

    Well written Anchit, as usual. I am deeply impressed with your research and your writing.

    1. Thank you sir. You have always been kind and have encouraged me for years. 🙏

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